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Account Abstraction Lesson 2: Code Overview

Welcome to lesson 2 of the Account Abstraction course! In this lesson, we will take a look at the codebase for Ethereum and ZKsync. They are minimal accounts and serve as a great starting point for learning about account abstraction.

What You Will Learn

This is just an overview of things to come. You don't need to understand fully at this point. However, going through the links below can help to give you a glimpse of what is to come in the course.

We will be building two minimal account abstraction accounts. One for Ethereum and another for ZKsync.

You can check them out here: Minimal Accounts

Or, you can head straight to the main sources below.

These two ecosystems are vastly different. The upcoming lessons will allow us to become more familiar with both of them. For now, we can see some examples from the README file. Click on ZkMinimalAccount.sol to see the example deployments for ZKsync and MinimalAccount.sol for Ethereum.

When you are ready, let's begin our journey with Ethereum minimal account abstraction.

Code Overview

Going through the code we will be writing throughout this section

Course Overview

About the course

What you'll learn

Advanced smart contract development

How to develop a stablecoin

How to develop a DeFi protocol

How to develop a DAO

Advanced smart contracts testing

Fuzz testing

Manual verification

Course Description

Welcome to the complete, advanced Solidity smart contract development course using Foundry. This is the only course you need to learn advanced Solidity development and smart contract testing skills. Level up your career as a blockchain engineer with advanced Foundry for Solidity.

The course covers a massive number of tools and technologies. You will learn:

Foundry
How to develop a DeFi protocol and a stablecoin
How to develop a DAO
Advanced smart contract development
Advanced smart contracts testing and fuzzing
Manual verification

Cyfrin Updraft has taught over 60,000 students advanced web3 development with Foundry. This advanced smart contract development course is without a doubt the most comprehensive, up-to-date, blockchain development course available online.

Learn Advanced Foundry for Solidity. Over 13 hours of video and written lessons, quizzes, and four full-fledged projects to practice your skills.

If you’ve completed the previous courses in the Solidity development path on Cyfrin Updraft or already have experience with Solidity programming, Foundry, Blockchain Oracles, and smart contract testing, this is the right course for you.

Advanced Foundry for Solidity will take you from Intermediate to advanced smart contract engineer. Here's why:

The world’s leading Solidity smart contract developers and web3 educators teach the course.
Courses are always up to date and reflect the latest industry standards. Learn the latest tools and technologies, used at large companies and protocols, with fresh content. Including new projects and modules.
The curriculum was developed and refined over a one-year period through comprehensive student testing, feedback, and reviews.
We've taught over 60,000 students how to write secure, advanced Solidity smart contracts, DeFi, decentralized applications (dApps), and blockchain technology.
Thousands of students have changed their lives. They’ve become blockchain engineers, smart contract and dApp auditors, or professional blockchain developers. Many choose to join industry-leading companies.

Engaging video tutorials take you step-by-step. Learn everything you need to know to succeed as a web3 developer.

Advanced Foundry for Solidity will help you build your programming knowledge.

Develop real-world smart contracts and applications and enrich your web3 development smart contracts portfolio!

Regardless of your operating system—Linux, MacOS, or Windows—we've got you covered.

By the end of this course, you will be fluent in programming Solidity smart contracts and ready to make any protocol you can think of.

Sign up today completely for free, and look forward to:

100+ Animated video lectures
Code challenges and coding exercises
4+ Real-world projects
Quizzes and practice tests
Links to the GitHub repositories containing all course files
Access to our community of thousands of web3 developers to support you
$10,000+ worth of web3 development bootcamp course materials and course curriculum

So what are you waiting for? Learn advanced smart contract development and testing using Foundry. Kickstart your career as a smart contract developer!

Who is this course for?

Engineers
Smart Contract Security researchers

Potential Careers

Web3 Developer Relations

$85,000 - $125,000 (avg. salary)

Web3 developer

$60,000 - $150,000 (avg. salary)

Smart Contract Engineer

$100,000 - $150,000 (avg. salary)

Smart Contract Auditor

$100,000 - $200,000 (avg. salary)

Security researcher

$49,999 - $120,000 (avg. salary)

Meet your instructors

Patrick Collins

Founder at Cyfrin

Web3 engineer, educator, and Cyfrin co-founder. Patrick's smart contract development and security courses have helped hundreds of thousands of engineers kickstarting their careers into web3.

Guest lecturers:

Juliette Chevalier

Lead Developer relations at Aragon

Ciara Nightingale

Developer relations at Cyfrin

Vasiliy Gualoto

Developer relations at ThirdWeb

Nader Dabit

Director of developer relations at EigenLayer

Ally Haire

Developer relations at Protocol Labs

Harrison

Founder at GasliteGG

Vitto Rivabella

CPO at Cyfrin

Last updated on March 26, 2025

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Solidity Developer

Advanced Foundry

Section 1: Develop an ERC20 Crypto Currency

Duration: 36min

Section 2: Develop an NFTs Collection

Duration: 3h 06min

Section 3: Develop a DeFi Protocol

Duration: 5h 02min

Section 4: Cross Chain Rebase Token

Duration: 6h 02min

Section 5: Airdrop and Signatures

Duration: 2h 47min

Section 6: Upgradeable Smart Contracts

Duration: 1h 23min

Section 7: Account Abstraction

Duration: 4h 28min

1. Introduction

A deep dive into the technicalities of account abstraction - This lesson unpacks the concept of account abstraction, covering what it is, the benefits it offers over current wallet systems, and how it's implemented in practice. Learn the different ways account abstraction interacts with different blockchains, from the new Ethereum entry point to zkSync's native account abstraction. Duration: 11min

2. Code Overview

Going through the code we will be writing throughout this section Duration: 4min

3. Ethereum Setup

Creating an account smart contract for Ethereum Duration: 10min

4. PackedUserOperation

Understanding the PackedUserOperation struct! Duration: 2min

5. Validate UserOp

Adding a function validateUserOp to validate a UserOp signature Duration: 15min

6. Quiz: Account Abstraction Intro Quiz

Questions: 5

7. EntryPoint Contract

Adding the EntryPoint contact to the Ethereum smart contract account. Duration: 3min

8. Execute Function Ethereum

Adding the execute function so the account can send transactions from the owner or the EntryPoint. Duration: 8min

9. Deployment Script for an Ethereum Account

Creating a deployment (and helper) script to deploy an Ethereum account! Duration: 12min

10. Test Owner can Execute

Writing a test to check the owner of the account can execute a transaction Duration: 13min

11. Unsigned PackedUserOperation Test

Test that an unsigned PackedUserOperation userOp does not pass. Creating the SendPackedUserOp.s.sol script to send a PackedUserOperation. Duration: 11min

12. Signed UserOp Test

Create a test to recover the signer UserOp and check the signer is the owner. Duration: 23min

13. Local Dev Unlocked

Using unlocked accounts to sign messages using vm.sign. Duration: 4min

14. Test Validate UserOps

Testing the validateUserOps function to check the validation is working correctly. Duration: 5min

15. Test EntryPoint

Test that EntryPoint contract can execute the commands. Duration: 6min

16. Advanced Debugging

Going through some Foundry debugging tools to fix your bugs and issues in your code. Duration: 5min

17. Mid Session Recap

Recapping everything you have learned so far! (go get an ice cream for this section) Duration: 4min

18. Quiz: Account Abstraction Mid Section Recap Quiz

Questions: 4

19. Live Demo on Arbitrum

Deploying and sending a UserOp on Arbitrum using the Ethereum smart contract account Duration: 8min

20. zkSync Setup

Setting up the zkSync smart contract account contract. Duration: 9min

21. Iaccount

Understanding the IAccount interface and how transactions are structured on zkSync. Duration: 8min

22. System Contracts

Introduction to understanding what System Contracts are on zkSync and where they are used with zkSync accounts. Duration: 4min

23. Type 113 Lifecycle

The lifecycle of a type 113 transaction on zkSync. Duration: 7min

24. zkSync Accounts Recap

A recap of how accounts work on zkSync. Duration: 3min

25. zkSync Transaction Simulations

Simulating a transaction on zkSync using the system contracts when validating the transaction. Duration: 14min

26. Validate Transaction zkSync

Adding a function to validate the transaction in a zkSync account. Duration: 12min

27. Execute Function zkSync

Adding a function to execute the transaction in a zkSync account. Duration: 9min

28. Pay For Transaction zkSync

Adding a function to pay for the transaction using the Bootloader System Contract in a zkSync account Duration: 3min

29. Execute Transaction From Outside

Adding a function to execute the transaction from outside the account. Duration: 8min

30. zkSync Tests

Adding tests for the zkSync account. Duration: 6min

31. Transaction Struct

How to build a transaction struct. Duration: 9min

32. Via Ir

Using --via-ir to compile to middle language to allow test more effectively. Duration: 2min

33. Validate Transaction Test

Adding a test to check that validateTransaction is validating the transaction correctly. Duration: 14min

34. Clean Up zkSync

Cleaning up the zkSync account code. Duration: 3min

35. Testnet zkSync Demo

A testnet demo! Duration: 5min

36. Quiz: Account Abstraction Recap Quiz

Questions: 4

37. Recap End

Recapping everything we have learned in this section! Duration: 8min

Section 8: DAOs

Duration: 1h 19min

Section 9: Security

Duration: 1h 10min

Course Overview

About the course

What you'll learn

Advanced smart contract development

How to develop a stablecoin

How to develop a DeFi protocol

How to develop a DAO

Advanced smart contracts testing

Fuzz testing

Manual verification

Course Description

The course covers a massive number of tools and technologies. You will learn:

Foundry
How to develop a DeFi protocol and a stablecoin
How to develop a DAO
Advanced smart contract development
Advanced smart contracts testing and fuzzing
Manual verification

Learn Advanced Foundry for Solidity. Over 13 hours of video and written lessons, quizzes, and four full-fledged projects to practice your skills.

Advanced Foundry for Solidity will take you from Intermediate to advanced smart contract engineer. Here's why:

The world’s leading Solidity smart contract developers and web3 educators teach the course.
Courses are always up to date and reflect the latest industry standards. Learn the latest tools and technologies, used at large companies and protocols, with fresh content. Including new projects and modules.
The curriculum was developed and refined over a one-year period through comprehensive student testing, feedback, and reviews.
We've taught over 60,000 students how to write secure, advanced Solidity smart contracts, DeFi, decentralized applications (dApps), and blockchain technology.
Thousands of students have changed their lives. They’ve become blockchain engineers, smart contract and dApp auditors, or professional blockchain developers. Many choose to join industry-leading companies.

Engaging video tutorials take you step-by-step. Learn everything you need to know to succeed as a web3 developer.

Advanced Foundry for Solidity will help you build your programming knowledge.

Develop real-world smart contracts and applications and enrich your web3 development smart contracts portfolio!

Regardless of your operating system—Linux, MacOS, or Windows—we've got you covered.

By the end of this course, you will be fluent in programming Solidity smart contracts and ready to make any protocol you can think of.

Sign up today completely for free, and look forward to:

100+ Animated video lectures
Code challenges and coding exercises
4+ Real-world projects
Quizzes and practice tests
Links to the GitHub repositories containing all course files
Access to our community of thousands of web3 developers to support you
$10,000+ worth of web3 development bootcamp course materials and course curriculum

So what are you waiting for? Learn advanced smart contract development and testing using Foundry. Kickstart your career as a smart contract developer!

Who is this course for?

Engineers
Smart Contract Security researchers

Potential Careers

Web3 Developer Relations

$85,000 - $125,000 (avg. salary)

Web3 developer

$60,000 - $150,000 (avg. salary)

Smart Contract Engineer

$100,000 - $150,000 (avg. salary)

Smart Contract Auditor

$100,000 - $200,000 (avg. salary)

Security researcher

$49,999 - $120,000 (avg. salary)

Meet your instructors

Patrick Collins

Founder at Cyfrin

Web3 engineer, educator, and Cyfrin co-founder. Patrick's smart contract development and security courses have helped hundreds of thousands of engineers kickstarting their careers into web3.

Guest lecturers:

Juliette Chevalier

Lead Developer relations at Aragon

Ciara Nightingale

Developer relations at Cyfrin

Vasiliy Gualoto

Developer relations at ThirdWeb

Nader Dabit

Director of developer relations at EigenLayer

Ally Haire

Developer relations at Protocol Labs

Harrison

Founder at GasliteGG

Vitto Rivabella

CPO at Cyfrin

Last updated on March 26, 2025

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Students Reviews

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I took Cyfrin course and I’ve been working as a solutions developer at OpenZeppelin for the last few months. It was by far the most comprehensive resource and the one that really teached me the fundamentals and made me want to switch from web2 to web3.

Gustavo Gonzalez

Solutions Engineer at OpenZeppelin

Cyfrin Updraft videos on smart contract development have been instrumental in my blockchain journey, standing out with their clarity and accessibility. Their readiness to support and engage with learners makes me excited for more of their interactive and insightful content in the Web3 space

Francesco Andreoli

Lead Devrel at Metamask

The Cyfrin courses were a game-changer for me. They provided a well-structured and comprehensive introduction to web3 and blockchain development. The knowledge I gained allowed me to transition into a full-time role as a blockchain developer. I can't recommend these courses enough!

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I took Cyfrin’s courses, and I took them seriously. At least one hour every day, documented the progress, didn’t skip any second. Haven’t found a better web3 course since. Now I’m full-time in web3, working as Senior Developer Advocate at Ceramic Network.

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Senior Developer Advocate at Ceramic

Cyfrin have been an absolute game-changers in my journey into blockchain. Saying their courses were remarkable, would be an understatement. Thanks to their expert guidance, I gained a deep understanding of blockchain to its roots. I'm forever grateful for their role in helping me get started in web3.

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WalletConnect

Cyfrin blockchain and Foundry/AI courses were incredible. I've gained valuable knowledge, grown, empowering myself and others. Thank you, Cyfrin!

Idris

Developer Relations Engineer at Axelar